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 Medical Journal Reviews医学杂志回顾
Prof. Richard F. Lockey, MD,
WAO Web Editor-in-Chief, reviewed premier medical
journal articles for practicing allergists.
Richard F. Lockey教授，医学博士，WAO网站主编，他为在业的变态反应科医生回顾了医学杂志的一些重要文章。
1. SALMETEROL (S) AND FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE (FP) AND SURVIVAL IN CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE PLUMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
This is a randomized, double-blind trial comparing S 50 µg plus FP 500 µg
in a single inhaler two times daily with placebo, S 50 µg alone, or FP 500 µg
alone for 3 yrs to treat COPD. The primary outcome was death from any cause.
Secondary outcomes included frequency of exacerbation, spirometric
values and health status. 6,112 patients were included, and 875 died within 3
yrs, 12.6% in the combination–therapy group, 15.2% in the placebo group,
13.5% in the S group, and 16.0% in the FP group, corresponding to a
difference of 2.6 percentage points or a reduction in the risk of death of
17.5% (P=0.052). S alone or FP alone did not differ significantly from
placebo. Compared with placebo, the combination regimen reduced annual
exacerbation rates from 1.13 to 0.85 and improved health status and spirometric values (P<0.001 for all comparisons with
placebo). Pneumonia as an adverse event was higher among patients receiving
medications containing FP (19.6% in the combination-therapy group and 18.3%
in the F group) vs. placebo (12.3%, P<0.001 for comparisons between these
treatments and placebo). The reduction in deaths from all causes did not
reach statistical significance; however, there are significant benefits in
other outcomes with the combined therapy. Editor’s comment:
Combination-therapy reduced annual exacerbation rates and improved health
status and spirometric values (secondary outcomes)
but had no statistical effect on mortality (primary outcome). Calverley PMA, et al. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 775. Editorial, Rabe KF. N Engl J
Med 2007; 356;
851.
译文：
1. 沙美特罗（S）联合丙酸氟替卡松（FP）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）
本研究随机双盲，观察COPD患者使用以下治疗方法3年的效果：使用单一吸入装置每日两次沙美特罗（S）50 µg联合丙酸氟替卡松（FP）500 µg ，安慰剂，单用沙美特罗（S）50 µg，或者单用丙酸氟替卡松（FP）500 µg 。主要观测指标：每组中任何原因导致的死亡。次要观测指标包括：急性发作的频率，肺功能以及健康状况。研究一共纳入6,112位患者，3年内共有875位死亡，其中联合治疗组12.6%，安慰剂组15.2%，沙美特罗组13.5%
，丙酸氟替卡松组16.0%，联合治疗组比安慰剂组减少了2.6个百分点，也就是说该组死亡风险降低了17.5%（P=0.052）。与安慰剂组相比，沙美特罗组和丙酸氟替卡松组均未见显著变化。与安慰剂组相比，联合治疗组每年急性发作率下降（由1.13减为0.85），同时健康状况以及肺功能均有所改善，所有指标的P值均小于0.001。如果患者接受的治疗方案中含丙酸氟替卡松，则发现肺炎这一不良事件的发生率较高：联合治疗组19.6%，丙酸氟替卡松组18.3%，而安慰剂组12.3%，前两组和安慰剂组相比P<0.001。所有治疗组中死亡率的减少未达到统计学显著性差异；但是联合治疗组在其它指标上都显示出了优越性。编者按：联合治疗可以减少COPD患者每年急性发作率，改善健康状况和肺功能（次要指标），但是对死亡率（主要指标）没有带来具统计学意义的效果。
Calverley PMA, et al. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 775. Editorial, Rabe KF. N Engl J
Med 2007; 356;
851.
2. VANCOMYCIN-INDUCED IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Vancomycin-dependent, platelet-reactive IgG or IgM antibodies were
identified in 34 patients suspected of having vancomycin-induced
thrombocytopenia. Clinical follow-up information on 29 patients revealed a
mean nadir platelet count of 13,600 per mm3 and severe bleeding in 10
patients (34%). Platelet levels returned to baseline in all 26 surviving
patients when vancomycin was stopped. Vancomycin-dependent antibodies were not found in 25
controls given vancomycin without thrombocytopenia.
The authors conclude that severe bleeding occurs in vancomycin-induced
immune thrombocytopenia and the diagnosis can be confirmed by the detection
of vancomycin-dependent antiplatelet
antibodies. Editor’s comment: Add vancomycin to
the list of drug-induced thrombocytopenia. Von Drygalski
A, et al. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 904. Editorial, Warkentin TE. N
Engl J Med 2007; 356: 891.
译文：
2. 万古霉素诱导的免疫性血小板减少症
研究者在34例疑似患有万古霉素诱导的血小板减少症患者体内检测到万古霉素依赖性、血小板活性IgG抗体或IgM抗体。通过对其中29例患者进行临床随访，结果显示平均最低血小板计数为13,600/mm3，其中有10例患者发生严重出血（34％）。当停止使用万古霉素后，存活的26例患者体内的血小板水平能够恢复到基线水平。在对照组，25例使用万古霉素并且未出现血小板减少症的患者体内未检测到万古霉素依赖性抗体。作者总结指出：万古霉素诱导的血小板减少症患者可以发生严重出血，对本病可以通过检测万古霉素依赖性抗血小板抗体进行确诊。编者按：万古霉素也可以诱导产生药物性血小板减少症。Von Drygalski A, et al. N
Engl J Med 2007; 356: 904. Editorial, Warkentin
TE. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 891.
3. A BRIEF HISTORY OF TH17, THE FIRSTS MAJOR REVISION
IN THE TH1/TH2 HYPOTHESIS OF T CELL-MEDIATED TISSUE DAMAGE
This author reviews the evolution of several
hypotheses which dominated thinking in cell-to-cell regulation and interaction
and the pathogenesis of disease. First was the concept of T-helper and
T-suppressor cells which was replaced by the concept that cytokines produced
by the TH1 cells could negatively regulate the function of TH2 cells and vice
versa. The TH1/TH2 hypothesis is being replaced by newer data which indicate
that a pathway named TH17 is now credited for causing and sustaining tissue
damage in diverse situations such as organ-specific autoimmunity in the
brain, heart, synovium and intestines, allergic
disorders of the lung and skin, and microbial infections of the intestines
and nervous system. It is likely to become established that no single
cytokine can regulate a vital process like tissue damage and that it is a
constellation of cytokines, tuned in concert, which ultimately produces a
complex phenotype like “tissue damage” or “recovery from tissue damage”. Editor’s
comment: This is a very lucid article summarizing the newest information on
T-helper cell differentiation and regulation. Must reading for everyone.
Steinman L. Nature Medicine 2007; 13: 139.
译文：
3. TH17简史，这是有关阐述T细胞介导组织损伤的TH1/TH2假说的首次重大修改
当前学术界存在若干阐述细胞间调控、相互作用以及疾病发生机制的假说，本文作者对这些假说的新进展进行了回顾。首先，我们来看有关T辅助细胞和T抑制细胞的概念，该概念目前被取代为：Th1细胞产生的细胞因子可以对Th2细胞的功能产生负调节作用，反之亦然。而TH1/TH2假说目前也正被越来越多的最新资料所动摇，近新获得的资料显示：一条全新的途径，Th17，被认为触发并持续了多个部位的组织损伤，例如脑组织、心脏、滑膜和小肠的器官特异性自身免疫反应，肺脏和皮肤的过敏性疾病，小肠和神经系统的微生物感染。人们逐渐达成共识：类似组织损伤的重要过程并不是由单一某种细胞因子所能调节的，该过程是由众多细胞因子共同作用的结果，正是这些细胞因子的相互作用，最终产生了诸如“组织损伤”、“组织损伤后修复”等复杂的现象。编者按：这篇文章架构清晰，利用最新的资料对T辅助细胞的分化和调节做了总结，的确值得一读。Steinman L. Nature
Medicine 2007; 13: 139.
4. META-ANALYSIS: INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN (IVIG) IN
CRITICALLY ILL ADULT PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
All randomized controlled trials of critically ill adults with sepsis, severe
sepsis or septic shock who received IVIG or placebo or no intervention were
reviewed. 20 trials (n=2621) met eligibility criteria and were analyzed. IVIG
was associated with an overall survival benefit (RR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.62 to
0.89) compared with placebo or no intervention. The authors suggest that a
large randomized, controlled trial of IVIG therapy be performed because of
the methodological limitations of the current literature review. Editor’s
comment: IVIG seems to be helpful in adult patients with sepsis, but a large
controlled trial is necessary. Turgeon AF, et
al. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146: 193.
译文：
4. 荟萃分析：静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）治疗成人败血症危重患者
作者收集了所有关于败血症、重症败血症或者脓毒性休克的随机对照试验，对这些成人危重患者是否接受静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）治疗进行了回顾分析。共有20份试验（n=2621）符合研究标准予以收录分析。与安慰剂或者未加干预治疗相比，研究显示IVIG有益于总生存率（RR，0.74 〔95%
CI, 0.62 to 0.89〕）。作者建议：为了弥补本研究在方法学上的局限性，需要对IVIG进行一项大型随机、对照试验。编者按：静脉注射免疫球蛋白似乎有益于成人败血症患者的治疗，但这一观点需要进行大型对照试验予以证实。Turgeon AF, et
al. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146: 193.
5. CLINICAL TRIAL OF LOW-DOSE THEOPHYLLINE (T) AND
MONTELUKAST(M) IN PATIENTS WITH POORLY CONTROLLED ASTHMA (A)
This is a randomized, double-masked,
placebo-controlled trial of 489 subjects with poorly controlled A randomly
assigned to placebo, T (300 mg/d), or M (10 mg/d). Participants were monitored
for 24 wk to measure rate of episodes of poor A control (EPACs)
defined by decreased peak flow (PEF), increased β-agonist use, increased
oral corticosteroid (CS) use, or unscheduled health care visits. Results show
there was no significant difference in EPACs
compared with placebo: low-dose T, 4.9 (95% CI, 3.6-6.7; not significant); M,
4.0 (95% CI, 3.0-5.4; not significant) and placebo, 4.9 (95% CI, 3.8-6.4). M
and T caused small improvements in prebronchodilator
FEV1 of borderline significance. Either treatment improved A symptoms or QOL.
In subjects not receiving inhaled CS, additional T significantly (p<0.002)
improved asthma control and symptoms as well as lung function. The authors
conclude that neither M nor low-dose T lowered EPACs
in patients with poorly controlled A despite improved lung function. For
patients not using inhaled CS, low-dose T improves A symptom control more
than M or placebo and provides a safe and low-cost alternative A treatment. Editor’s
comment: T is still a good cost-effective drug to use for A. The American
Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 235.
译文：
5. 临床试验：使用低剂量茶碱（T）和孟鲁司特（M）治疗哮喘（A）未控制患者
该试验随机、双盲、安慰剂对照，共纳入了489例哮喘未控制患者，所有入组患者随机分为安慰剂组，茶碱治疗组（300 mg/天），以及孟鲁司特治疗组（10 mg/天）。对所有入组患者进行监测24周并衡量哮喘未控制率（EPACs），哮喘未控制的定义为：呼气峰流速（PEF）下降，β受体激动剂使用次数增加，口服皮质激素使用次数增加，以及非预约就诊的次数。研究结果显示，与安慰剂组相比，各治疗组的EPACs无统计学差异：低剂量茶碱治疗组4.9（95% CI，3.6-6.7；无显著性意义）；孟鲁司特治疗组4.0（95% CI，3.0-5.4；无显著性意义），安慰剂组4.9（95% CI，3.8-6.4）。孟鲁司特治疗组和低剂量茶碱治疗组可以小幅度改善舒张前FEV1，该结果具有临界显著性意义。两组治疗组均可以改善哮喘症状和生活质量（QOL）。对于那些没有使用吸入皮质激素的患者，辅助使用茶碱可以显著改善（p<0.002）哮喘控制状况，改善症状和肺功能。作者总结：尽管孟鲁司特和低剂量茶碱可以改善哮喘未控制患者的肺功能，但两种方法均不能降低EPACs。对于那些没有使用吸入皮质激素的患者，与孟鲁司特和安慰剂相比，低剂量茶碱可以更好地改善哮喘症状，该方法安全、价格低廉，可作为哮喘控制的备选方法之一。编者按：对于哮喘的治疗，茶碱依然是一个高性价比的选择。The American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 235.
6. COMBINATION THERAPY WITH A LONG-ACTING β-AGONIST
AND A LEUKOTRIENE ANTAGONIST IN MODERATE ASTHMA
192 subjects (12 to 65 yr) with moderate asthma were enrolled in a
randomized, placebo-controlled study comparing the clinical efficacy of
treatment for 14 wks with montelukast (M) and salmeterol (S) compared to beclomethasone
(B) and S. The primary outcome was time to treatment failure. M and S was
inferior to B and S as judged by protection against asthma treatment failures
(p =0.0008), lung function (
26 L/min
difference in A.M. PEF, P = 0.011), asthma control score (0.22 difference in
Asthma Control Questionnaire score, p = 0.038), and markers of inflammation
and airway reactivity. The authors conclude that M and S should not be
substituted for inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and LABA. Editor’s comment: ICS
(with or without a long-acting β-agonist) remains the first treatment of
choice for moderate asthma in this age group. Deykin
A, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 228.
译文：
6. 联合使用长效β受体激动剂和白三烯受体拮抗剂治疗中度哮喘患者
本研究为随机、安慰剂对照试验，共纳入192例（12 到 65岁）中度哮喘患者，目的是通过14周治疗比较以下两种方法的临床疗效差异：孟鲁司特（M）联合沙美特罗（S），以及倍氯米松（B）联合沙美特罗（S）。主要指标为治疗后再次哮喘发作的时间。倍氯米松联合沙美特罗在以下方面优于孟鲁司特联合沙美特罗：治疗对哮喘发作的保护作用（p =0.0008），肺功能（清晨PEF差值
26 L/min，P =
0.011），哮喘控制评分（哮喘控制问卷评分差值0.22分，p = 0.038），炎性标志物以及气道反应性。作者总结：孟鲁司特联合沙美特罗不能取代吸入皮质激素（ICS）联合LABA。编者按：吸入皮质激素（联合或未联合使用长效β受体激动剂）仍然是该年龄组中度哮喘患者的一线治疗方案。Deykin A, et al.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 228.
7. LIVE ATTENUATED (LAIV) VS. INACTIVATED INFLUENZA
VACCINE (IIV) IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN
Approximately, 8,000 children, 6 to 59 months of age, without a recent
episode of wheezing illness or severe asthma, were randomly assigned in a 1:1
ratio to receive either cold-adapted trivalent IAIV intranasally
or trivalent IIV in a double-blind manner. Influenza-like illness was
monitored with cultures throughout the 2004-05 influenza season.
There were 54.9% fewer cases of cultured-confirmed influenza in the group
that received LAIV than in the group that received IIV (153 vs. 338 cases,
P<0.001). Among previously unvaccinated children, wheezing within 42 days
of the administration of dose 1 was more common with LAIV than IIV, primarily
among children 6 to 11 months of age (P=0.076). Rates of hospitalization for
any cause during the 180 days were higher among the LAIV recipients who were
6 to 11 months of age (6.1%) vs. the recipients of IIV in this age group
(2.6%, P=0.002). The authors conclude that LAIV had significantly better
efficacy than IIV and should be a highly effective, safe vaccine for children
12 to 59 months of age without a history of asthma or wheezing. Editor’s
comment: LAIV is more effective than IIV but should not be used in children
with asthma. Belshe RB, et al. N
Engl J Med 2007; 356: 685. Editorial, Cox NJ, Bridges CB. N
Engl J Med 2007; 356: 729.
译文：
7. 对婴幼儿和儿童中使用流感减毒活疫苗（LAIV）和流感灭活疫苗（IIV）的区别
研究共纳入大约8,000名 6到59月龄的儿童，近期无喘息性疾病或重症哮喘发作史，这些儿童随机按1:1分为两组，双盲给予鼻内冷适应三价流感减毒活疫苗或者三价流感灭活疫苗。研究人员对这些儿童在2004-2005年度流感好发季节出现的流感样疾病予以监测，同时进行病毒培养。与接受流感灭活疫苗接种的儿童相比，经病毒培养验证，流感减毒活疫苗接种组发生流感的病例总数减少54.9%（153
vs. 338 例次，P<0.001）。监测对即往未接受过免疫接种的儿童在给予第一次接种后42天内喘息的发生情况，结果发现LAIV接种组中喘息发生次数多于IIV接种组，在6到11月龄的儿童组尤为明显（P=0.076）。在6到11月龄的儿童组中比较180天内总住院率，LAIV接种组（6.1%）多于IIV接种组（2.6%，P=0.002）。作者总结：LAIV效果明显优于IIV，对于那些即往无喘息和哮喘病史的12到59月龄儿童，
LAIV不失为高效、安全的疫苗。编者按：流感减毒活疫苗（LAIV）效果优于流感灭活疫苗（IIV）LAIV，但不适用于哮喘患儿。Belshe RB, et
al. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 685. Editorial, Cox NJ,
Bridges CB. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 729.
8. DETECTION OF AN ALERGEN IN DOG DANDER THAT
CROSS-REACTS WITH THE MAJOR CAT ALLERGEN, Fel d 1
These authors took a recombinant (rFel d 1) with
the same immunologic properties as natural Fel d 1
and used it for quantitative (CAP) IgE competition
experiments performed with sera obtained from 36 cat-allergic patients. They
found that a Fel d 1 cross-reactive dog allergen
was characterized by one- and two-dimensional immunoblotting
using rFel d1 for IgE
inhibition experiments and with monospecific,
polyclonal rabbit anti-recombinant Fel d 1
antibodies. In 25% of Fel d 1-reactive cat-allergic
patients, more than 50% inhibition of IgE
reactivity to dog allergens was achieved with rFel
d 1. A Fel d 1 cross-reactive 20 kDa allergen with a pI of
approximately 3.4 was detected in dander extracts of several different dog
breeds. They conclude that a Fel d 1-like allergen
in dog dander extracts exist and may be responsible for double positivity to cat and dog in serology, and provide
evidence that dog and cat dander, besides Can f 3/Fel d 2 (albumin) and
perhaps Fel d 4 (lipocalin),
contain other cross-reactive antigens. Editor’s comment: This is
additional evidence that cat and dog allergens cross-react. Reininger R, et al. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37: 116.
译文：
8. 在狗皮屑中发现一种与主要猫变应原，Fel d 1，具有交叉反应的变应原成份
文章作者们收集了36例猫过敏患者的血清，使用具有与天然Fel d 1相同免疫学特性的重组变应原（rFel d 1）进行定量IgE竞争实验（CAP）。研究中发现了一种与Fel d 1存在交叉反应的狗变应原，该变应原可以通过使用rFel d1的IgE抑制实验，单一特异性、多克隆兔抗rFel d1抗体进行单向和双向免疫印迹加以证实。
在25%对Fel d 1反应的猫过敏患者中，使用rFel d 1可获得对狗变应原IgE反应性超过50%的抑制率。与Fel d 1交叉反应性20 kDa变应原的pI大约为3.4 ，可以在若干种系狗的皮屑浸液中检测到。作者总结：狗皮屑浸液中存在Fel d 1样变应原，这可能造成血清学上对猫和狗出现双重阳性反应，这进一步指出，除了Can f 3/Fel d 2（白蛋白）以及可能的Fel d 4（脂质运载蛋白，lipocalin），猫和狗的皮屑中还存在其他的交叉反应性变应原。编者按：这篇文章进一步证实猫和狗的变应原之间存在交叉反应。Reininger R, et
al. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37: 116.
9. A HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-12/23 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (MA)
FOR THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS
320 patients (age > 18 yr) with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis
underwent randomization in this double-blind placebo-controlled trial for
treatment with the MA or placebo. 64 patients were randomly assigned to each
group. There was at least 75% improvement in the psoriasis area-and-severity
index at wk 12 (the primary end point) in 53% of patients who received 45 mg
of the MA vs. placebo. Higher doses achieved even better results (P <
0.001). There was no statistical difference in adverse or serious adverse
events. The authors conclude that this study demonstrates the therapeutic
efficacy of a MA for psoriasis and provides further evidence of a role of the
interleukin-12/23 p40 cytokines in the pathophysiology
of this disease. Editor’s comment: Aberrant type I immune responses are
linked to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and interleukin-12 and IL-23 seem to
be the appropriate therapeutic targets. Krueger GG, et al. N
Engl J Med 2007; 356: 580.
译文：
9. 应用人白介素-12/23单克隆抗体（MA）治疗银屑病
本试验随机双盲、安慰剂对照，共有320例中重度斑块型银屑病患者（年龄 > 18岁）随机接受白介素-12/23单克隆抗体（MA）或安慰剂治疗。每组随机分到64例患者。与安慰剂组相比，53%接受45mg白介素-12/23单克隆抗体（MA）治疗的患者在银屑病面积和严重程度指数上在治疗12周时（主要观察终点）改善程度超过75%。更高的治疗剂量可以获得更好的结果（P < 0.001）。研究显示在不良事件和严重不良事件上未见统计学差异。作者总结：该研究证实MA对治疗银屑病具有治疗效果，同时对考察白介素-12/23 p40细胞因子在银屑病病理生理学中扮演的角色提供了更多的证据。编者按：I型免疫应答异常与银屑病的发病机制相关，白介素-12和白介素-23有可能成为合适的治疗靶位。
Krueger GG, et al. N
Engl J Med 2007; 356: 580.
10. NFkB IN BREAST CANCER
(BC) CELLS PROMOTES OSTEOLYTIC BONE METASTASIS BY INDUCING OSTEOCLASTOGENESIS
VIA GMCSF
Reviewed by Gary Hellermann,
Ph.D.
Persons with BC have a high incidence of bone metastases because BC cells
have an affinity for bone but also because they secrete factors that
stimulate osteoclasts which are responsible for
bone resorption. These authors reasoned that since
the transcription factor NF-kappaB (nuclear
factor-kappa B) regulates genes involved in tumor invasion and metastasis, it
may also be involved in the osteolytic bone
metastases seen in some BC patients. They found that a cancer cell line
highly metastatic for bone had significantly higher
NF-kappaB activity than one that was weakly metastatic. Using mice as a model they showed that
blocking NF-kappaB reduced the size and number of osteolytic lesions, in some cases preventing them
completely. A potential connection with NF-kappaB
was made when it was discovered that the increased activity of NF-kappaB correlated with an increase in GM-CSF (granulocyte
macrophage-colony stimulating factor) which stimulates osteoclast
differentiation. Editor’s comment: NF-kappaB is
a ubiquitous proinflammatory factor and this study
demonstrates that anti-NF-kappaB treatment may
prove to be effective in preventing cancer metastasis. Park et al. Nature
Med 2007; 13: 62.
译文：
10. 乳腺癌（BC）细胞中的NFkB 可以通过粒细胞巨噬细胞－集落刺激因子（GMCSF）诱导的破骨细胞促使产生溶骨性骨转移
本文由Gary Hellermann, Ph.D.回顾
患有乳腺癌的人群发生骨转移的几率高，这是因为乳腺癌细胞具有针对骨骼的亲和性，同时癌细胞可以分泌因子刺激破骨细胞造成骨吸收。支持作者观点的理由包括
：NF-kappaB（核因子-κB ）转录因子调控基因参与了肿瘤的侵袭和转移，它还可能参与了某些乳腺癌患者溶骨性骨转移。研究发现如果某一癌细胞株较其他癌细胞株具有更强的骨转移性，则该株癌细胞的NF-kappaB 活性明显增强。使用小鼠模型的研究显示阻断NF-kappaB可以减少溶骨性损害的大小和数目，在某些患病个体甚至可以起到完全预防作用。研究还发现了一个潜在的联系：NF-kappaB活性增强和GMCSF（粒细胞巨噬细胞－集落刺激因子）上升相关，GMCSF可以刺激破骨细胞的分化。编者按：NF-kappaB是一种广泛存在的前炎性因子，本研究证实抗NF-kappaB治疗可以有效预防癌细胞转移。Park et al. Nature
Med 2007; 13: 62.
WAO Now: What's New in the World of WAO
今日WAO：WAO领域新进展
 May 2007 Seminars & Conferences Placement
2007年5月研讨会和会议安排
6th Colombian Congress of Allergy, Asthma and
Immunology
第六届哥伦比亚变态反应，哮喘和免疫学全国会议
May 24 - 27, 2007
2007年5月24-27日
Medellin, Colombia
麦德林，哥伦比亚
WAO Invited Lecturer WAO受邀讲者:
Joaquin Sastre
 Spanish Version of Anaphylaxis
Now Available!
《严重过敏反应》西班牙文版本正在发放中
WAO extends its sincere gratitude to Dr. Mario Sanchez
Borges for translating into Spanish the GLORIA module on Anaphylaxis. For the
Spanish Anaphylaxis module, click here.
WAO由衷感谢Dr. Mario Sanchez Borges 为大家将GLORIA中的《严重过敏反应》单元翻译为西班牙文版本。如果您需要下载，请点击这里。
2007 May GLORIA Placements
2007年5月GLORIA安排
Finger Lakes Allergy Society
May 5, 2007
W. Henrietta, NY, USA
五指湖区变态反应学会
2007年5月5日
W. Henrietta, NY, USA
US GLORIA Faculty美国GLORIA教员:
Ira Finegold
Presentations主讲内容:
Module 2: Allergic Conjunctivitis变应性结膜炎
Module 4: Immunotherapy免疫治疗
Long Island Allergy & Asthma Society
May 8, 2007
Woodbury, NY, USA
长岛变态反应和哮喘学会
2007年5月8日
Woodbury, NY, USA
US GLORIA Faculty美国GLORIA教员:
Ira Finegold
Presentation主讲内容:
Module 2: Allergic Conjunctivitis变应性结膜炎
African International Conference on Immunity
26 -30 May 2007
Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
非洲免疫学国际会议
2007年5月26 -30日
Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
International GLORIA Faculty国际GLORIA教员:
Cassim Motala
Presentations主讲内容:
Module 3: Allergic Emergencies急诊变态反应学
Module 6: Food Allergy食物过敏
GLORIA is
supported through unrestricted educational grants from:
GLORIA得到以下公司非限制性教育资助的支持
 WAF
Materials Available WAF资料提供中
"A Global Perspective on Genetics, the Environment
and Allergy”
有关基因学，环境学和变态反应学的全球性展望
WAF presenter materials and audio recordings from the recent AAAAI Annual
Meeting are now available for download on the WAF web page.
最近AAAAI年会上WAF讲者的资料和音频拷贝目前可在WAF网站上下载得到
You Are Invited to Attend
邀请您参加…
WAF Symposium: Immune Tolerance
WAF座谈会：免疫耐受
XXVI EAACI Congress
Tuesday, 12 June 2007, 8:30 - 10:00
Göteborg Convention Centre, Room K2-K3
Göteborg,
Sweden
Chairs主席:
Michael A. Kaliner, United States
Anthony J. Frew,
United Kingdom
Concepts in tolerance induction诱导耐受相关概念
Dale Umetsu, United
States
Modulation of IgE-related
diseases in children儿童IgE相关性疾病的调节
Patrick Holt, Australia
Can omalizumab synergize
immunotherapy? Omalizumab是否可以用来协同免疫治疗？
Thomas Casale,
United States
World Allergy
Forum is supported through an unrestricted educational grant from
世界变态反应论坛得到以下公司非限制性教育资助
WAO Conversations
WAO会话
Two new interviews with experts are now available on the Web site. To listen
to Dr. Bill Solomon speak on "Pollen and Mold Aerobiology" and Dr.
Gerald Gleich share his knowledge on "Hypereosinophilia and Eosinophilia
Disease," click here.
目前网站提供两份最新专家访谈记录。请点击这里聆听Dr. Bill Solomon主讲的“花粉和真菌大气生物学”以及Dr. Gerald Gleich主讲的“嗜酸性粒细胞增多症”。
Call for Applications接受申请中
- WAO Short-Term
Research Fellowship 2007 Applications
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) offers three Short-Term Research
Fellowships, to commence in the latter half of 2007, to support junior
allergists to visit a center of their choice to learn a research
technique. The expected duration of each attachment is 2-3 weeks. WAO
will contribute up to a maximum of $2,500 USD, to include travel and
accommodations, for each Short-Term Fellowship.
Priority will be given to junior clinicians within five years of award
of the most recent professional degree, who are specializing in allergy
and who are affiliated to an academic department or clinical institute.
Applicants must be current members of a WAO member society.
The Short-Term Fellowships will be applied to a project which meets one
of the WAO Research Priorities:
- Genetic factors involved in the development of
allergic disease and response to treatment
- Allergen characterization and standardization
- Clinical and basic studies in allergy and asthma
Application forms may be downloaded here
Applications must be received by WAO head office not later than 31 May
2007
WAO短期科研奖学金2007年度申请
世界变态反应组织（WAO）在2007年下半年开始提供三项短期科研奖学金以资助初年变态反
应医师前往他们所向往的医学中心进修并学习科研技术。进修持续时间以2到3周为宜。WAO将会为每位奖学金获得者资助最高2500美元的奖学金，包括旅行费用和食宿费用。
奖学金优先授予那些在近5年内获得专业学位的初年临床医师，其专业为变态反应，并且隶属于医学院相关科室或临床研究院。申请者必须是目前WAO成员学会的会员。
短期科研奖学金的申请目的必须符合以下WAO科研优先项目之一：
l 参与变应性疾病发病及其治疗反应的遗传学因素
l 变应原的鉴定和标准化
l 过敏性鼻炎和哮喘的临床及基础研究
申请表可以从此处下载：链接
申请必须在
2007年5月31日前送达WAO秘书处
- The WAO Henning Løwenstein Research Award 2007
The WAO Henning Løwenstein Research Award is a
biennial award given to a young scientist who has shown excellence
within the field of allergy. WAO and ALK-Abelló
will present the award at the World Allergy Congress in
Bangkok, 2-6 December 2007.
The winner will receive EURO 20,000 together with a travel grant to
attend the World Allergy Congress.
 For application
guidelines, visit http://www.alk.abello.com/
and click on "The WAO Henning Løwenstein
Research Award."
Deadline: 30 June 2007
WAO 2007年度Henning
Løwenstein科研奖
WAO Henning Løwenstein 科研奖每2年颁发一次，将授予在变态反应领域做出卓越贡献的年轻科学家。WAO和ALK公司将在2007年12月2-6日曼谷召开的世界变态反应大会上向获得者颁发本次奖项。
科研奖获得者将获得20,000欧元奖励，同时将被资助参加本次世界变态反应大会
访问这里 http://www.alk-abello.com/ 并点击"The WAO Henning Løwenstein 科研奖"即可获得申请指南
截止日期: 2007年6月30日
Short-Term Research Fellowship 2006 Report
This month we post the report from the WAO 2006 Short-Term
Research Fellowship awarded to Dr. Daniel Potaczek
from the Jagiellonian University School of
Medicine,
Cracow,
Poland
. Dr. Potaczek visited the Atopy
(Allergy)
Research
Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan to learn
new research techniques for his study "The Genetic variability of alpha
chain of high-affinity IgE receptor gene and its
expression". To read a report of the Fellowship, click here.
2006年度短期奖学金报告
本月我们将发布2006年度短期奖学金获得者Dr. Daniel Potaczek完成的报告，Dr. Daniel Potaczek来自波兰克拉科夫（Cracow）的加格罗林（Jagiellonian）大学医学院。Dr. Daniel Potaczek在日本Juntendo 大学医学院变态反应中心的进行了访问学习，期间为完成他自己的科研题目“高亲和性IgE受体基因alpha链的基因多态性及其表达”学习了必要的技术。请点击这里阅读该奖学金报告。
 Emerging Societies Meeting -
Cancun,
Mexico
WAO's
first Emerging Societies Meeting (ESM) of 2007 will take place during the LXI
National Congress of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, 27-30 June
2007 in
Cancun,
Mexico
.
The ESM is intended as a follow-up to the ESM that was held in Latin America
in 2006 and will include representatives from
Honduras,
Guatemala, Cuba, El
Salvador, Nicaragua
and
Martinique. This meeting is jointly
funded by the
American
College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the
Mexican
College of Allergy, Asthma and
Clinical Immunology and the World Allergy Organization.
For more information on the
Mexican
College of Allergy, Asthma and
Clinical Immunology’s meeting 27-30 June 2007, click here.
新兴学会的会议－墨西哥坎昆
WAO在2007年度的第一次新兴学会会议（ESM）将于2007年6月27-30日在墨西哥坎昆的临床免疫和变态反应全国大会期间召开。本次大会作为2006年在拉丁美洲召开ESM的延续，将会有来自洪都拉斯、危地马拉、古巴、萨尔瓦多、尼加拉瓜和马提尼克等国的代表参加。这次会议将由美国变态反应、哮喘和免疫学会（ACAAI）、墨西哥变态反应、哮喘和临床免疫学会以及世界变态反应组织共同资助举办。
如果需要有关墨西哥变态反应，哮喘和临床免疫学学院在2007年6月27-30日会议的更多信息，请点击这里。
Sign up for Online Journal Subscription -
WAO and Hogrefe & Huber Publishers are offering
a limited number of free online subscriptions to Allergy & Clinical
Immunology International - Journal of the World Allergy Organization
for members in developing countries. If you are interested in receiving a
complimentary, online subscription, please send an e-mail to info@worldallergy.org, noting
"Free Journal Subscription" in the subject line, with the following
details:
First name
Last (Family) name
Postal address
City, State/Province and postal code
Country
E-mail address
Name of Member Society
在线杂志订阅申请－
WAO和Hogrefe & Huber出版公司现为发展中国家的会员提供有限数量的《Allergy &
Clinical Immunology International - Journal of the World Allergy Organization》免费在线订阅服务。如果您希望得到这份杂志的免费赠阅的电子版，请给我们发送e-mail至info@worldallergy.org，注意在信件的主题栏写“Free Journal Subscription”，并详细注明以下资料：
名字
姓氏
邮政地址
市，州/省和邮政编码
国家
E-mail地址
成员学会的名称
And In Other News 其他新闻
Urticaria Guideline Published
荨麻疹指南业已出版
The British Society for Allergy & Clinical Immunology’s
(BSACI) Urticaria Guideline was recently published
by Blackwell Publishing in Clinical & Experimental Allergy. To read the
full text, click here.
英国变态反应和临床免疫学会（BSACI）近期由Blackwell Publishing in Clinical & Experimental Allergy出版了有关荨麻疹的指南。如需阅读全文，请点击这里。
Dr. Allan Kaplan, WAO Guest Editor, reviewed the BSACI’s Urticaria Guidelines
and made the following comments:
Dr. Allan Kaplan，WAO客座编辑，为大家回顾了英国变态反应和临床免疫学会制定的荨麻疹指南，并做了以下评注：
The published guidelines for the manuscript of chronic urticaria and an |
