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 Medical Journal Reviews 医学杂志回顾
Prof. Richard F. Lockey, MD,
WAO Web Editor-in-Chief, and Guest Reviewer Gary Hellermann,
PhD, reviewed premier medical journal articles for practicing allergists.
Richard F. Lockey教授，医学博士，WAO网站主编，他为在业的变态反应科医生回顾了日前的医学杂志的一些重要文章。
1. AUTOLOGOUS NONMYELOABLATIVE HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
(AHST) IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
Guest Reviewer: Gary Hellermann, PhD
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases
and researchers have been attempting to circumvent the immune system’s
destruction of pancreatic beta cells that characterizes the disease. One
promising method is by AHST. This paper reports the results of a clinical
trial in which 15 newly diagnosed DM patients, age 14-31 years, were given
AHST and the progress of their disease followed for up to 36 months. All but
one showed marked improvement as reflected by elevated C-peptide levels and
freedom from insulin use. Side effects were neutropenia,
alopecia, nausea and, in one case, pneumonia that resolved with treatment. Editor’s
comment: Immunointervention in type 1 DM at a young
age while there is still a substantial number of beta cells appears to
provide significant advantages, but long term side-effects still need to be
examined. Voltarelli, JC et al. JAMA
2007; 297:1568.
译文：
1. 自体非清髓性造血干细胞移植（AHST）在I型糖尿病初诊患者中的应用
客座评论家：Gary Hellermann博士
I型糖尿病（DM）是最常见的自身免疫性疾病之一，其特征为免疫系统对胰岛β细胞的破坏，多年来科研人员一直在寻找方法试图避免这种破坏。一个很有前途的方法就是使用自体非清髓性造血干细胞移植（AHST）。本文报道了一项临床试验：15例初诊糖尿病患者，年龄14-31岁，给予AHST治疗后随访36个月。除1例患者外，其他患者均在以下指标上表现出明显改善：C肽水平升高，胰岛素使用减少。该治疗方法的副作用包括白细胞减少，脱发，恶心；有1例出现肺炎，经治疗后缓解。编者按：I型糖尿病青年患者尚存一定数量的胰岛β细胞，免疫干预治疗对这些患者具有明显优势，但其长期副作用仍有待进一步研究。Voltarelli, JC et al. JAMA
2007; 297:1568.
2. JACI AND ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY
The April 2007 JACI has multiple reviews
and featured articles on allergen immunotherapy. The articles entitled are
"Allergen Immunotherapy: Where Is It Now?," "Mechanisms of
Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy," "Tradition and Innovation:
Finding the Right Balance," and "Sublingual Immunotherapy: The
Optimism and the Issues." In addition, there are articles entitled,
"Recombinant Allergens For Immunotherapy," "Advances In Upper
Airway Diseases and Allergen Immunotherapy," and "Allergic Rhinitis
and Its Impact on Asthma Update: Allergen Immunotherapy." Likewise,
there are three original articles on immunotherapy which include
"Sublingual Immunotherapy With Grass Pollen Is Not Effective In
Symptomatic Youngsters In Primary Care," "Update On the Current
Status Of Peptide Immunotherapy," and "Successful Sublingual
Immunotherapy With Birch Pollen Has Limited Effects On Concomitant Food
Allergy To Apple and the Immune Response To the Bet v 1 homolog Mal d
1." Editor’s comment: This issue contains a multitude of articles on
allergen immunotherapy and is must reading for the practicing
allergist/immunologist. Nelson HS; Akdis M, et
al; Durham SR; Pajno GB; Valenta
R, et al; Nelson HS; Passalacqua G, et al; Röder E, et al; Larché M; Kinaciyan T, et al. JACI 2007; 119(4).
译文：
2. 《变态反应与临床免疫学杂志》（JACI）和变应原免疫治疗
2007年4月JACI刊登了多篇有关变应原免疫治疗的综述和文献。这些文章的题目包括《变应原免疫治疗：目前的地位如何？》，《变应原特异性免疫治疗的机制》，《传统与革新：找到恰当的平衡点》，《舌下免疫治疗：乐观与争议》。另外，还有一些其它方面的文章：《使用重组变应原进行免疫治疗》，《上呼吸道疾病和变应原免疫治疗的进展》，《有关过敏性鼻炎及其对哮喘影响的更新：变应原免疫治疗》。同时刊登的还有3篇文献原文，包括《在初级保健机构使用牧草花粉进行舌下免疫治疗草花粉不能有效控制青少年患者的症状》，《有关使用肽段进行变应原免疫治疗的现状更新》，《成功使用桦树花粉进行舌下免疫治疗对同时存在的苹果食物过敏疗效甚微，Bet v 1和Mal d
1引发的免疫应答具有一致性》。编者按：该期期刊包含多篇有关变应原免疫治疗的文献，是变态反应/临床免疫专业医师的必读之物。Nelson HS; Akdis M, et al; Durham SR; Pajno GB; Valenta R, et al;
Nelson HS; Passalacqua G, et al; Röder E, et al; Larché M; Kinaciyan T, et al. JACI 2007; 119(4).
3. INDACATEROL (I), A NOVEL INHALED β2-AGONIST,
PROVIDES SUSTAINED 24-H BRONCHODILATION IN ASTHMA
42 patients were randomized to receive single doses of I (50, 100, 200 and
400 μg) or placebo (P) via a hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered-dose inhaler in a
double-blind crossover study. Using primary efficacy comparisons, the mean
percentage increases in FEV1 from placebo (P) and I, 200 and 400 μg, were 7.6 and 14.9%, respectively, at 30 min and
7.5% and 10.4%, respectively, at 21 h post-dose. At these doses, changes in
mean FEV1 of I vs. P were significant from 5 min to 24 h,
inclusive. I at 400 μg was statistically
superior (P < 0.05) to other I doses at most time points. The highest mean
differences in FEV1 of I from P were reached at 2-3 h post-dose.
Once daily I (200 and 400 μg) provides 24-h bronchodilation, rapid onset, and good tolerability and
safety. Editor’s comment: 24-h long-acting bronchodilators are on their
way. Beeh KM, et al. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:871.
译文：
3. INDACATEROL（I），全新吸入β2激动剂，可为哮喘患者提供持续24小时支气管扩张作用
本研究为双盲交叉研究，共有42名患者随机分组，分别接受单一剂量I（50，100，200和400 μg）或者安慰剂（P）治疗，给药时采用氢氟烷为推进剂的加压计量吸入装置。通过评价主要疗效指标发现：与安慰剂组相比，200和400 μg剂量组的 FEV1平均改善率在用药后30分钟分别为7.6%和14.9%，在用药后21小时分别为7.5%和10.4%。从给药后5分钟到24小时，所有剂量治疗组获得的平均FEV1改善程度均明显优于安慰剂组。在大多数时间点，400 μg治疗组与其他剂量组相比具有统计学优势（P < 0.05）。I治疗组与安慰剂组相比，最大平均FEV1差值见于用药后2-3小时。每日一次I（200和400 μg）可以提供持续24小时的支气管扩张作用，起效迅速，并且具有良好耐受性和安全性。编者按：24小时长效支气管扩张剂正向我们走来。Beeh KM, et al. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:871.
4. EXHALED AIR TEMPERATURE IN ASTHMA: METHODS AND
RELATIONSHIP WITH MARKERS OF DISEASE
57 children, 41 allergic mild asthmatics and 16 healthy controls, underwent
exhaled air temperature and lung function measurements. The asthmatic
children also underwent exhaled nitric oxide (NO) measurement and hypertonic
saline sputum induction for eosinophils. Exhaled
temperatures were significantly higher in asthmatics than controls (30.18 ±
0.14 ºC vs. 27.47 ± 0.24 ºC (P < 0.001). There was a positive relationship
between exhaled air temperature and both NO (r = 0.39; P = 0.01) and % EOS (r
= 0.53; P = 0.04). The authors conclude that exhaled breath temperature is
related to airway inflammation in asthma. Editor’s comment: Another
article indicating that there is correlation between exhaled breath
temperature and inflammation in asthma. Piacentini
GL, et al. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37: 415.
译文：
4.哮喘患者呼出气体温度的测量方法及其与疾病标志物之间的关联
研究纳入57名儿童，包括41名轻度变应性哮喘患儿和16名健康对照，测量他们的呼出气体温度和肺功能指标
。哮喘患儿同时测定呼出一氧化氮（NO）浓度，并使用高渗盐水进行痰诱导检测嗜酸性细胞计数。与对照组相比，哮喘患儿呼出气体温度明显升高（30.18 ± 0.14 ºC vs. 27.47 ± 0.24 ºC，P < 0.001）。在呼出气体温度和NO（r =
0.39; P = 0.01）、嗜酸性细胞计数（r = 0.53; P = 0.04）之间具有明显正相关。作者认为在呼出气体温度与哮喘气道炎症之间存在关联。编者按：该文章又一次指出在呼出气体温度和哮喘炎症之间存在关联。Piacentini GL,
et al. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37: 415.
5. RESPIRATORY HEAT AND MOISTURE LOSS (RHML) IS
ASSOCIATED WITH EOSINOPILIC INFLAMMATION IN ASTHMA
23 subjects with asthma and 18 controls had RHML
measured in a cross-sectional study using a device that combines temperature
and humidity measurements during inspiration and expiration and allows
precise control over inspiratory conditions and ventilatory pattern. They also underwent parallel
measurements of exhaled NO (eNO), % sputum eosinophilia and exhaled breath condensate pH. Mean ±SD
RHML was elevated in asthma (98.1±7.3 J·L-1) vs
controls (91.9±4.5 J·L-1). The results correlated with % sputum eosinophilia (r = 0.73, P<0.0001) but not with eNO, EBC pH, FEV1 or FEV1 %
predicted. Editor’s comment: Respiratory heat and moisture loss are
elevated in patients with asthma. Noble DD, et al. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:676.
译文：
5. 呼吸热量和湿度的丢失（RHML）与哮喘的嗜酸性细胞炎症相关
文章对23名哮喘患者和18名对照个体进行了有关RHML的交叉组合研究，研究使用的装置可以对个体吸气相和呼气相的温度、湿度进行精确测量，并可以对吸气条件和通气模式进行准确控制。
研究同时还测量了呼出一氧化氮（eNO），痰中嗜酸性细胞百分比以及呼气冷凝物PH值。与对照组相比（91.9±4.5 J·L-1），RHML的平均值±标准差在哮喘组明显升高（98.1±7.3 J·L-1）。该结果与痰中嗜酸性细胞百分比（r = 0.73, P<0.0001）相关，但与eNO、呼气冷凝物PH值、FEV1和FEV1占预计值百分比无关。编者按：哮喘患者中呼吸热量和湿度的丢失情况加重。Noble DD, et al. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:676.
6. TIOTROPIUM (T) IN COMBINATION WITH PLACEBO (P),
SALMETEROL (S), OR FLUTICASONE – SALMETEROL (FS) FOR TREATMENT OF COPD
This is a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial of 449 patients with moderate to severe COPD. They
were treated for 1 year with T plus placebo (P), T + S, or T + FS. The
primary end point was the number who experienced COPD exacerbations that
required treatment with systemic steroids or antibiotics. The proportion of
patients who experienced exacerbations did not differ in the 3 groups. T + FS
improved lung function (P = 0.049) and disease-specific QOL (P = 0.01) and
reduced the number of hospitalizations for COPD exacerbation and all-cause
hospitalizations [incidence rate ratio, 0.67 (CI, 0.45 to 0.99)] compared
with T + P. In contrast, T + S did not statistically improve lung function or
hospitalization rates compared with T + P. The authors conclude that FS + T
did not influence COPD exacerbation rates but did improve lung function, QOL,
and hospitalization rates in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Editor’s
comment: The jury is still out as to the best treatment for moderate to
severe COPD. Physicians have to individualize treatment of COPD and what is
appropriate and cost-effective for one patient may not be so for another. Aaron
SD, et al. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:545. Editorial, Criner GJ: 606.
译文：
6. 观察噻托溴铵（T）联合安慰剂（P），沙美特罗（S）以及氟替卡松/沙美特罗（FS）对COPD的治疗效果
本研究为随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验，研究对象为449例中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者。这些患者均接受为期1年的治疗：噻托溴铵＋安慰剂，噻托溴铵＋沙美特罗，噻托溴铵＋氟替卡松/沙美特罗。主要观察指标：由于COPD急性发作需要给予全身性糖皮质激素或抗生素的人次。结果显示有关COPD急性发作的患者比例在3个治疗组间没有差异。与T+P相比，T+FS可以更好地改善患者肺功能（P=0.049）以及疾病特异性生活质量评分（P=0.01），同时该组因COPD急性发作入院的人数以及因任何原因导致入院的人数均有所减少〔两组发病率之比，0.67（可信限，0.45至0.99）〕。另外，与T+P相比，T+S未能显著改善肺功能和住院率。作者总结：FS+T不能改变COPD的急性发作率，但是使用本方法治疗中重度COPD患者可以改善肺功能、生活质量以及住院率。编者按：目前人们仍在寻找治疗中重度COPD患者的最佳方法。临床医师在治疗前需要对COPD患者进行个体化分析，值得注意的是：对某位患者恰当、收益高的方法也许并不适用于其他患者。Aaron SD, et al. Ann
Intern Med 2007; 146:545. Editorial, Criner
GJ: 606.
7. NEWS FOCUS IMMUNOLOGY: THE EDUCATION OF T CELLS
Guest Reviewer: Gary Hellermann, PhD
When T lymphocytes are activated by
antigen-presenting cells, they also receive instructions where to go. From
the lymphoid tissue, they migrate to the exact area of the body under attack
to play their part in the immune response. What are the signals that tell
them this and where do they come from? Dendritic
cells are the key because they identify the molecular address of the tissue
in which the antigen was acquired and pass this information along to the T
cell in the form of a pattern of chemokine
receptors and cell-adhesion molecules. Editor’s comment: This clearly
written review tells the story of how T cells are "educated" to
home to a specific tissue address. Ferber, D. Science 2007; 316:191.
译文：
7. 关于免疫学的新闻：T细胞接受的指令
客座评论家：Gary Hellermann博士
当T细胞被抗原呈递细胞所激活，它们同时会接到前往何处的命令。随后，这些细胞从淋巴结迁移至机体正在遭受外界攻击的确切部位并发挥它们在免疫应答中的作用。那么，这些信号究竟是什么？来自何方？研究显示树突状细胞具有关键作用，这是因为树突状细胞不但可以识别获得抗原部位的分子学地址信息，而且可以把这一信息以趋化因子受体和细胞粘附分子的形式传递给T细胞。编者按：这篇综述清楚地告诉我们T细胞如何“被教会”自动导向某一特定组织。Ferber, D. Science 2007; 316:191.
8. FOXP3 CONTROLS REGULATORY T-CELL FUNCTION BY
INTERACTING WITH AML1/RUNX1
Guest Reviewer: Gary Hellermann, PhD
The key molecule that distinguishes a regulatory
T cell is the transcription factor, Foxp3, which acts to maintain
self-tolerance and suppress an overactive immune response. The molecular
basis of Foxp3 function is a hot area of research, and the pieces of the
puzzle are quickly falling into place. Suppression of IL-2 production by
regulatory T cells is one aspect of Foxp3 control, and this article
demonstrates by a masterful series of experiments that control is exerted
directly through inhibition of the IL-2 transcription activator, AML1/Runx1
(acute myeloid leukaemia 1/Runt-related
transcription factor. Editor’s comment: Foxp3 is the heavy hitter in
regulatory T cells and this article adds one more to its list—suppression of
IL-2 gene expression. Ono, M et al. Nature 2007; 446:685.
译文：
8. FOXP3 通过与AML1/RUNX1的相互作用控制调节性T细胞的功能
客座评论家：Gary Hellermann博士
区分调节性T细胞的关键分子是转录因子Foxp3，该分子负责维持自身耐受并抑制过度免疫反应。由于Foxp3作用的分子生物学基础属于热门研究领域，其谜底得以迅速浮出水面。通过调节性T细胞抑制IL-2的产生是Foxp3发挥作用的一条途径，本文通过一系列有力的实验证实这种控制作用是通过抑制IL-2转录活化因子，AML1/Runx1（急性髓系白血病1/Runt相关转录因子）而直接实现的。编者按：Foxp3对调节性T细胞有重要调控作用，本文证实它同样对IL-2基因表达具有抑制作用。Ono, M et al. Nature 2007; 446:685.
9. AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE (ASM) DYNAMICS: A COMMON
PATHWAY OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN ASTHMA
This multi-authored paper reviews airways smooth
muscle (ASM) dysfunction and its contribution to the pathophysiology
of asthma. It indicates that there is a central role for ASM in the pathogenesis
of airway hyperresponsiveness. Editor’s comment: This American Thoracic Society Workshop Report is
extremely interesting and an in-depth discussion of the complex issues
surrounding ASM and asthma. An SS, et al. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:834.
译文：
9. 气道平滑肌（ASM）动力学：哮喘发生气道阻塞的常见途径
这篇由多位作者执笔完成的综述回顾了气道平滑肌（ASM）功能紊乱及其在哮喘病理生理学扮演的角色。文章指出ASM在气道高反应的发病机制中占据重要地位。编者按：这篇美国胸科学会研讨会报告值得关注，它对围绕ASM和哮喘的诸多复杂问题做了深入探讨。An SS, et al. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:834.
10. OSTEOIMMUNOLOGY
Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary research involving osteology
(the branch of anatomy that deals with the structure and function of bones)
and immunology. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB
ligand (RANKL), the main regulator of osteoclastogenesis, is the primary culprit responsible
for the enhanced activation of osteoclasts and
inflammatory diseases, such as occurs in rheumatoid arthritis. Activated T
cells directly and indirectly increase the expression of RANKL thereby
promoting osteoclastic activity and excessive bone
loss in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Indeed, there is
more and more evidence that osteoporosis is associated with alterations of the
immune system. Other connections have been discovered in osteoimmunology
and include the importance of osteoblasts in
maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell niche,
lymphocyte development, and the functions of immune cells participating in osteoblast and osteoclast
development. Cytokines, chemokines, transcription
factors and co-stimulatory molecules are shared by both systems. Editor’s
comment: Osteoimmunology is an innovative field and
more research is needed to prevent and treat the bone loss which accompanies
inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Rauner M,
et al. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143:31.
译文：
10.骨骼免疫学
骨骼免疫学跨越多个学科，其研究领域涉及骨骼学（解剖学的分支，涵盖内容包括骨骼的结构和功能）和免疫学。细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配基（RANKL）是破骨细胞的主要调节因子，它是破骨细胞活性增强和炎性疾病的首要元凶，例如破骨细胞在类风湿性关节炎中的活性大大增强。活化T细胞可以直接或间接地增强RANKL基因的表达，从而增强破骨细胞活性，加重炎性和自身免疫性疾病、癌症中的骨质丢失。事实上，越来越多的证据表明：骨质疏松症与免疫系统的改变有关。目前发现在骨骼学和免疫学之间的其它关联包括：成骨细胞对维持造血干细胞存在环境以及淋巴细胞发育具有重要作用，免疫细胞参与成骨细胞和破骨细胞的发育。骨骼学和免疫学两个系统拥有共同的细胞因子、趋化因子、转录因子以及共刺激分子。编者按：骨骼免疫学是一个崭新的领域，在预防和治疗伴随炎性和自身免疫性疾病的骨质流失方面还需要进行更多的研究。Rauner M, et al.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143:31.
11. THE STATUS OF US ALLERGY/IMMUNOLOGY PHYSICIANS
(AIP) IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A REPORT FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ALLERGY,
ASTHMA AND IMMUNOLOGY (AAAAI) WORKFORCE COMMITTEE
The AAAAI has tracked the U.S. Allergy/Immunology
Physician Workforce (AIPW) for the past 30 years. The current report
concludes that there is an increase in diversity, training, and that 91% of
AIP are board certified. Training programs are slowly increasing and the
number of graduates has increased. Patients seen are more complex and less
allergen immunotherapy administered. Personal, professional and economic
satisfaction of the physician has increased. Even though the number of
trainees is increasing, they are not expected to replace the diminishing
practitioner supply amid growing
U.S. population demand.
Editor’s comment: The numbers of trainees are increasing, however, they are
not sufficient to meet the increased needs for future care. Marshall GD. JACI 2007; 119:802.
译文：
11. 21世纪美国变态反应/免疫学临床医生（AIP）现状：来自美国变态反应，哮喘和免疫学会（AAAAI）劳工委员会的报告
美国变态反应，哮喘和免疫学会（AAAAI）调查了过去30年间美国变态反应/免疫学临床医生（AIP）的状况。报告结论：医生多样性和培训计划均在增加，有91％AIP得到正规认证。培训项目的增长速度缓慢，专业毕业人数已经有所增加。同时，就诊患者的病情变得更加复杂，变应原免疫治疗减少。临床医生在个人、专业和经济等方面满意度增加。由于相对美国人口需求的增加，可供应的医生却日益减少，所以，尽管受训人员的数目正在增多，但仍远远不足。编者按：尽管受训人员的数目正在增多，但是这仍不足以满足未来日益增长的医疗需求。Marshall GD. JACI 2007; 119:802.
WAO Now: What's New
in the World of WAO
今日WAO：WAO领域新进展
 New Synopsis Available - Vasculitis
可使用的新大纲-血管炎
Vasculitis syndromes are a clinical concern for allergists and clinical
immunologists who are likely to be involved in managing hypersensitivity vasculitis; ANCA associated vasculitis,
including Wegener’s granulomatosis
and Churg-Strauss vasculitis
(allergic angitis and granulomatosis);
and temporal arteritis. To read an update about the
diagnosis and management of these difficult conditions in a new synopsis
authored by international expert Dr. Dennis Ledford of
Tampa,
USA
, click here.
血管炎综合征作为一个临床关注点，受可能参与以下病症诊治的变态反应和临床免疫专业人员关注：超敏性血管炎；ANCA相关性血管炎，包括韦格纳肉芽肿和Churg-Strauss血管炎（变应性血管及肉芽肿）；以及颞动脉炎。来自美国坦帕的国际专家，Dennis Ledford博士为我们编写了有关这些疑难病症诊断和治疗的最新大纲，如需阅读请 点击这里。
WAO’s Specific Immunotherapy Document
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) convened a
group of experts to provide guidelines for the methodology of future
immunotherapy studies to ensure that patients are treated based on sound
scientific evidence and to minimize the risk of misusing limited financial
resources for scientific studies. The document summarizes the recommendations
for study design, patient selection, appropriate outcomes and statistical
treatment to be used in planning and performing clinical trials with specific
immunotherapy.
The document was recently published in the March 2007 Issue of Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical
Immunology and is now available to you free from PubMed.
You may also access the document from WAO’s Allergic
Disease Resource Center.
WAO变应原特异性免疫治疗文件
世界变态反应组织（WAO）召集专家组对未来免疫治疗研究的方法学提供了指南，从而保证患者接受的治疗是基于健全的科学证据，并将错误使用科研研究有限资源的风险最小化。文件对特异性免疫治疗临床实验的设计和操作进行了有关科研设计、病例选择、恰当的结果、统计学治疗等概述。
本文件最近于2007年3月发表，名为《Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology》，目前可以在PubMed上免费获得。
您也可以访问WAO的变态反应疾病资源中心获得该文件。
WAO Conversations
We have the pleasure of announcing two new
interviews with well-respected allergists. Take a moment to listen
to them share their extensive knowledge.
WAO 会谈
我们很高兴地宣布下面推出对两位著名变态反应学专家的访谈记录。邀请您来分享他们广袤的知识。
- Ulrich
Wahn教授 – 早期食物过敏
- Daniel
Hamilos 教授– 鼻窦炎
Ask the Expert – Exclusive Benefit to WAO Members
Ask the Expert is a new online tool available
exclusively to WAO Members. Directed by Professors Cassim
Motala and Ruby Pawankar,
this online service provides the opportunity to pose educational, scientific
and medical questions about allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology to one
of the many WAO volunteer experts located throughout the world. We invite all
WAO Members to become a part of this online service. To Ask the Expert,
click
here.
专家咨询－本服务仅向WAO会员提供
专家咨询是一项全新的仅向WAO会员提供的在线工具。项目指导为Cassim Motala和 Ruby Pawankar教授，这项在线服务为访问者提供了向来自全世界的众多WAO专家志愿者请教有关变态反应、哮喘和临床免疫方面的教育，科研以及医学问题。我们邀请所有的WAO会员成为这项在线服务一部分。访问专家咨询，点击这里。
Call for Applications
接受申请中
Short-Term Research Fellowship 2007 Applications
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) offers three Short-Term Research
Fellowships, to commence in the latter half of 2007, to support junior
allergists to visit a center of their choice to learn a research technique.
The expected duration of each attachment is 2-3 weeks. WAO will contribute up
to a maximum of $2,500 USD, to include travel and accommodations, for each
Short-Term Fellowship.
Priority will be given to junior clinicians within five years of award of the
most recent professional degree, who are specializing in allergy and who are
affiliated to an academic department or clinical institute. Applicants must
be current members of a WAO member society.
The Short-Term Fellowships will be applied to a project
which meets one of the WAO Research Priorities:
- Genetic factors involved in the development of
allergic disease and response to treatment
- Allergen characterization and standardization
- Clinical and basic studies in allergy and asthma
Application forms may be downloaded here
Applications must be received by WAO Secretariat no later
than 29 June 2007
WAO短期科研奖学金2007年度申请
世界变态反应组织（WAO）在2007年下半年开始提供三项短期科研奖学金以资助初年变态反
应医师前往他们所向往的医学中心进修并学习科研技术。进修持续时间以2到3周为宜。WAO将会为每位奖学金获得者资助最高2500美元的奖学金，包括旅行费用和食宿费用。
奖学金优先授予那些在近5年内获得专业学位的初年临床医师，其专业为变态反应，并且隶属于医学院相关科室或临床研究院。申请者必须是目前WAO成员学会的会员。
短期科研奖学金的申请目的必须符合以下WAO科研优先项目之一：
l 参与变应性疾病发病及其治疗反应的遗传学因素
l 变应原的鉴定和标准化
l 过敏性鼻炎和哮喘的临床及基础研究
申请表可以从此处下载：链接
申请必须在
2007年6月29日前送达WAO秘书处
Long-Term Research Fellowship
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) offers one Long-Term Research
Fellowship, to commence in 2008. The Fellowship will support a junior
allergist following an approved research program at a WAO proposed host
center. WAO will contribute a monthly stipend of $1,700 US and once-yearly
travel expenses between the home country and the host center.
Priority will be given to junior clinicians within five
years of award of the most recent professional degree, who are specializing
in allergy and who are affiliated with an academic department or clinical
institute. Applicants must be active members of a WAO member society.
The Long-Term Fellowship will be applied to a project
which meets one of the WAO Research Priorities:
- Genetic factors involved in the development of
allergic disease and response to treatment
- Allergen characterization and standardization
- Clinical and basic studies in allergy and asthma
Application forms including a list of host centers may be
downloaded here
Applications must be received by WAO Secretariat no later than 30
September 2007
长期科研奖学金
世界变态反应组织（WAO）将于2008年开始提供一项长期科研奖学金。该奖学金将资助初年变态反
应医师前往某个WAO提名接待中心参加一项经批准的科研计划。WAO将会为奖学金获得者资助每月1700美金的津贴以及每年一次的往返旅费。
奖学金将优先授予那些在近5年内获得专业学位的初年临床医师，其专业为变态反应，并且隶属于医学院相关科室或临床研究院。同时，申请者必须是目前WAO成员学会的会员。
长期科研奖学金的申请目的必须符合以下WAO科研优先项目之一：
l 参与变应性疾病发病及其治疗反应的遗传学因素
l 变应原的鉴定和标准化
l 过敏性鼻炎和哮喘的临床及基础研究
申请表格包括接待中心名单可由此处下载。
申请必须在
2007年9月30日前送达WAO秘书处
The WAO Henning Løwenstein Research Award 2007
The WAO Henning Løwenstein Research Award is a
biennial award given to a young scientist who has shown excellence within the
field of allergy. WAO and ALK-Abelló will present
the award at the World Allergy Congress in
Bangkok, 2-6 December 2007.
The winner will receive EURO 20,000 together with a
travel grant to attend the World Allergy Congress.
 For
application guidelines, visit http://www.alk.abello.com/ and click on "The WAO
Henning Løwenstein Research Award."
Deadline: 30 June 2007
WAO
2007年度Henning Løwenstein科研奖
WAO Henning Løwenstein 科研奖每2年颁发一次，将授予在变态反应领域做出卓越贡献的年轻科学家。WAO和ALK公司将在2007年12月2-6日曼谷召开的世界变态反应大会上向获得者颁发本次奖项。
科研奖获得者将获得20,000欧元奖励，同时将被资助参加本次世界变态反应大会
访问这里 http://www.alk-abello.com/并点击"The WAO Henning Løwenstein 科研奖"即可获得申请指南
截止日期: 2007年6月30日
World Allergy Congress (WAC) Travel Grants
WAO, in partnership with Schering-Plough Corporation (SPC), the European
Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology
(EAACI), and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI),
is sponsoring Travel Grants for young scientists to attend WAO’s World Allergy Congress (WAC) in Bangkok, Thailand,
2-6 December 2007. For further information, click here.
Deadline: 5 July 2007
世界变态反应大会（WAC）差旅费补助
世界变态反应组织（WAO）与先灵葆雅有限公司（SPC），欧洲变态反应与临床免疫学会（EAACI），美国变态反应，哮喘与临床免疫学会（AAAAI）合作，为了资助年轻科学工作者能参加在WAO在泰国曼谷
2007年12月2日至6日期间举办的世界变态反应大会，特设立 了几项差旅费补助项目，如需更多信息，点击这里。
截止日期:
2007年7月5日
You are invited to attend…
邀请您参加…
 GLORIA Placements
GLORIA安排
British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology英国变态反应和临床免疫学会
2007年7月2-4日
Loughborough, United Kingdom
International GLORIA Faculty国际GLORIA教员:
Allen P. Kaplan
Presentation主讲:
Module 7: Angioedema血管神经性水肿
XV Mexican National Congress of Pediatric Allergy and
Asthma第十五届墨西哥儿科变态反应和哮喘全国大会
2007年7月21-25日
Merida, Yuc., Mexico
International GLORIA Faculty国际GLORIA教员:
Bob Q. Lanier
Presentations:
Module 6: Food Allergy食物过敏
Module 8: Anaphylaxis严重过敏反应
International
GLORIA is supported through unrestricted educational grants from:
世界变态反应论坛得到以下公司无私的教育资助
 Seminars & Conferences Placement研究会和会议安排
Mexican National Congress on Clinical Immunology and
Allergy墨西哥临床免疫和变态反应全国大会
2007年6月27-30日
Cancun, Mexico
WAO Invited Lecturer（WAO受邀讲者）: Jay Portnoy
www.cmica.org
Emerging Societies Meeting - Cancun, Mexico
WAO's first Emerging Societies Meeting (ESM) of 2007 will take place
during the LXI National Congress of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, 27-30
June
2007 in Cancun, Mexico.
The ESM is a follow-up to the ESM held in Latin America in 2006 and will
include representatives from
Honduras,
Guatemala, Cuba, El
Salvador, Nicaragua
and
Martinique. This meeting is jointly
funded by the
American
College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the
Mexican
College of Allergy, Asthma and
Clinical Immunology and the World Allergy Organization.
For more information on the
Mexican
College of Allergy,
Asthma and Clinical Immunology’s meeting 27-30 June 2007, please click here.
新兴学会会议－墨西哥坎昆
WAO在2007年度的第一次新兴学会会议（ESM）将于2007年6月27-30日在墨西哥坎昆的临床免疫和变态反应全国大会期间召开。本次大会作为2006年在拉丁美洲召开ESM的延续，将会有来自洪都拉斯、危地马拉、古巴、萨尔瓦多、尼加拉瓜和马提尼克等国的代表参加。这次会议将由美国变态反应、哮喘和免疫学会（ACAAI）、墨西哥变态反应、哮喘和临床免疫学会以及世界变态反应组织共同资助举办。
如果需要有关墨西哥变态反应，哮喘和临床免疫学学院在2007年6月27-30日会议的更多信息，请点击这里。
Sign up
for Online Journal Subscription -
WAO and Hogrefe & Huber Publishers are offering
a limited number of free online subscriptions to Allergy &
Clinical Immunology International - Journal of the World Allergy Organization
for members in developing countries. If you are interested in receiving a
complimentary, online subscription, please send an e-mail to info@worldallergy.org, noting
"Free Journal Subscription" in the subject line, with the following
details:
First name
Last (Family) name
Postal address
City, State/Province and postal code
Country
E-mail address
Name of Member Society
在线杂志订阅申请－
WAO和Hogrefe & Huber出版公司现为发展中国家的会员提供有限数量的《Allergy & Clinical Immunology International -
Journal of the World Allergy Organization》免费在线订阅服务。如果您希望得到这份杂志的免费赠阅的电子版，请给我们发送e-mail至info@worldallergy.org，注意在信件的主题栏写“Free Journal Subscription”，并详细注明以下资料：
名字
姓氏
邮政地址
市，州/省和邮政编码
国家
E-mail地址
成员学会的名称
And In Other News 其他新闻
Two
Allergy Book Reviews
两本变态反应学书评
Mayo Clinic Atlas of Immunofluorescence in
Dermatology: Patterns and Target Antigens
Mayo临床皮肤学免疫荧光图集：图示和靶抗原
By: Amer N Kalaaji
Price: $98.95 USD
Available from: Mayo Clinic Scientific Press
定价:
$98.95 美元
订购网址: Mayo
Clinic Scientific Press
Reviewer书评作者:
Andrew Bagg, MD
Division of Allergy and
Immunology
University of
South
Florida
College
of Medicine,
Tampa
Florida
Description:
This Atlas reviews immunofluorescence patterns
found in many dermatologic conditions. The direct and indirect immunofluorescence findings and the target antigens are
summarized in bullet point format.
说明：
本图册收集了有关许多皮肤疾病的免疫荧光图示。书中利用知识点格局对直接和间接免疫荧光检查发现以及靶抗原进行了总结。
Purpose:
The purpose is to provide information to aid in the understanding of the
patterns found in immunodermatology. It is designed
to present the reader with a review of clinical dermatological diseases and a
summary of immunofluorescence findings to
facilitate learning and memory recall. It is a valuable resource for those
preparing for boards and anyone interpreting immunofluorescence
results.
目的：
本书目的是通过提供相关信息帮助读者理解免疫皮肤病的图像结果。为了方便读者的学习和记忆，书中对临床皮肤病学进行了回顾，并对免疫荧光的检查结果进行了总结。本书为那些准备学术会议和希望理解免疫荧光检查结果的人群提供了宝贵的资源。
Audience:
The Atlas targets dermatologists, pathologists, residents, and fellows. It
should be used by those preparing for boards and physicians who need to
interpret immunofluorescence results to diagnose
and treat patients.
读者：
本部图集面向：皮肤学专科医生，病理学家，住院医师以及研究生。对于那些准备学术会议的读者，以及需要通过理解免疫荧光检查结果对患者进行诊断和治疗的医生，本书将大有裨益。
Features:
The 75 pages cover the major diseases in immunodermatology.
Particular attention is given to staining patterns with numerous color
photographs on every other page. For each disease there are clinical and
direct and indirect immunofluorescence findings and
target antigens summarized in an easy-to-follow bullet point format.
特色：
本书共75页，涵盖了免疫皮肤病中的所有主要疾病。值得注意的是，书中每隔一页都会使用大量彩色照片对染色方法进行介绍。书中还使用了简便易懂的知识点格局对每一种疾病的临床发现、直接和间接免疫荧光检查结果以及靶抗原进行了总结。
Assessment:
The color photographs and informative summaries found in the Atlas provide
the student with an understanding of dermatologic immunofluorescence.
This book is an excellent resource for review and a convenient visual guide
for diseases in immunodermatology.
评估：
本图集提供了大量彩色图片以及详实的总结，这为医学生提供了一个认识皮肤病学免疫荧光检查的机会。这本书出色地对免疫皮肤病学进行了回顾，可以作为该领域的易读性指南。
The Year in Allergy, Volume 3
变态反应时代，第3卷
Editors: S. Hasan Arshad, Stephen T. Holgate
ISBN:1 904392 60 1
ISSN:1477-8106
List Price: $99.95 USD
Available from: Atlas Medical Publishing
定价:
$99.95 美元
订购网址: Atlas Medical Publishing
Reviewer书评作者:
Steven L. Cole, DO
Division of Allergy and Immunology
University of South Florida College of Medicine
Description:
This is the third installment of The Year in Allergy series and
reviews the most recent research findings over the last 2 years. Each study
reviewed is followed by a discussion of the scientific and clinical relevance
of the findings.
说明：
本书是《变态反应时代》系列丛书的第三部分，对该领域中在最近2年发表的大部分科研发现进行了回顾。在每项研究的回顾之后，作者都配有对科研和临床相关发现的讨论内容。
Purpose:
The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of the major discoveries
in the preceding 2 years relating to the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment
of allergic disorders. The book is divided into three parts, Epidemiology and
Genetics (Part I), Pathophysiology and Diseases
(Part II), and Treatment Modalities for Allergic Diseases (Part III).
目的：
本书目的是对近2年中有关变应性疾病发病机制、诊断和治疗方面的重大发现进行一个全面的总结。本书共分三个部分：流行病学和遗传学（第一部分），病理生理学和疾病（第二部分），变应性疾病的治疗方法（第三部分）。
Audience:
The target audience includes researchers and clinicians from a wide array of
interests in allergic disorders including specialists in allergy and
immunology, dermatology, and pulmonology. Experts
in these subjects will glean valuable insight into not only their own
interests, but also develop potential links to related topics as well.
读者：
本书面向读者包括：对变态反应疾病有着浓厚兴趣的所有科研人员和临床医师，包括变态反应和临床免疫学专业医师，皮肤病学以及呼吸病学专业医师。这些学科的专业人员对该领域的关注不仅出于个人的兴趣，更是希望找到与相关课题之间的潜在联系。
Features:
Each chapter includes an introduction which highlights the salient issues of
the subject matter. The original publication reference is provided, and a
summary of the methods is included for each paper. All studies reviewed
contain an interpretation by the authors that focus on key findings and point
out potential weaknesses of the information. Future directions are also
discussed within the comments and conclusions section of each chapter.
特色：
每章包括突出题材内容的简介。书中还提供了原文的参考目录，并对所有文献中涉及的方法做了摘要描述。对所有研究的回顾分析都含有作者的注释：强调关键发现，同时指出文章的潜在缺陷。每一章节中的注释和结论部分还对未来发展方向做了讨论。
Assessment:
This is an ever-evolving discipline with numerous papers published each month
from a wide array of journals, making it difficult for clinicians and
researchers to read and digest all of them in a timely manner. This book
succeeds in raising awareness of recent developments in the field of allergy,
and it is organized in a manner that holds interest to a diverse group of
readers. Clinicians can quickly review subject material directly pertaining
to patient care, and researchers have access to critical reviews of the major
findings in their field of interest. Although it is impossible to analyze
every publication the world has to offer in allergic disorders, the authors
of this book have done a tremendous job in the emphasis of papers with the
most potential to impact the field.
评估：
由于每月从各种各样的期刊发表出的论文数量庞大，难以被临床医师和科研人员及时阅读并加以消化。本书的成功之处在于提高了读者对变态反应领域最新进展的掌握程度，本书的编撰成功地把握了来自不同专业领域读者的兴趣所在。通过使用本书，临床医师能够快速检索到有关诊治患者的有用信息，科研人员能够获得有关他们感兴趣领域的批判性评论。虽然对世界上有关变应性疾病的所有文献都逐一进行分析评论是不可能的，但是本书作者做了大量工作，对那些在本领域影响潜力最大的重要文献实现了这一目的。
Find more allergy book reviews on the WAO Website here.
WAO网站上其它的变态反应学书评见此处。
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